StudentShare
Contact Us
Sign In / Sign Up for FREE
Search
Go to advanced search...

September 11 as A Turning Point In International Law - Essay Example

Cite this document
Summary
the events of 11 September are properly characterised not only as criminal offences (both under national and international law) but also as a threat to international peace and security and an armed attack." (Greenwood 308)
The event of September 11 and the subsequent reaction of the United States led the international law makers to ponder seriously upon certain issues never touched upon in the history of international law…
Download full paper File format: .doc, available for editing
GRAB THE BEST PAPER92.6% of users find it useful
September 11 as A Turning Point In International Law
Read Text Preview

Extract of sample "September 11 as A Turning Point In International Law"

Download file to see previous pages

2, para 4. cited in Schmitt 521) "as the events of 9/11 tragically demonstrated, domestic or international law enforcement may prove an insufficient tool in effectively defending against non-State actors, such as terrorists" (Schmitt 539). "the attack directly against the Taliban on October 7, 2001 challenged then-existing legal understandings of the quality and quantity of support necessary to attribute an armed attack by a non-State actor to its State sponsor" Schmitt (547). The United States approached the UN Security Council to determine the extent of military and non-military reaction to the September 11 attacks.

The UN, in response, issued two new resolutions in the same month viz. Resolution 1368 and Resolution 1373. The latter explicitly declared those terrorist attacks as detrimental to international peace and security (McWhinney 280). "the administration blurs the distinction between "rouge states" and terrorists, essentially erasing the difference between terrorists and those states in which they reside. But these distinctions do indeed make a difference" (Crawford 31)Crawford (31) delineates four indispensable conditions in order for a pre-emptive action to be justified under international law.

These conditions implicate that any country should not undertake such motives to advance their "imperial interests", they should be certain and be able to demonstrate potent evidence about the imminence of threat, pre-emptive strategies should be undertaken with sheer certainty that it would successfully reduce the threat and finally any intended military action against the threatening forces should be inevitable for a country to protect itself. Also, it is very important not to identify any state or organisation as imminent threat on the mere ground that it possesses the capability to harm another country.

"a conception of self that justifies legitimate pre-emption in self-defence must be narrowly confined to immediate risks to life and health within borders or to life and health of citizens aboard" (Crawford 32)"not preemption, but paranoid aggression" (Crawford 32)"a preemptive-preventive doctrine moves us closer to a state of nature than to a state of international law" (Crawford 34) "When responding to a situation involves the use of force, it can

...Download file to see next pages Read More
Cite this document
  • APA
  • MLA
  • CHICAGO
(“September 11 as A Turning Point In International Law Essay”, n.d.)
Retrieved from https://studentshare.org/miscellaneous/1509408-september-11-as-a-turning-point-in-international-law
(September 11 As A Turning Point In International Law Essay)
https://studentshare.org/miscellaneous/1509408-september-11-as-a-turning-point-in-international-law.
“September 11 As A Turning Point In International Law Essay”, n.d. https://studentshare.org/miscellaneous/1509408-september-11-as-a-turning-point-in-international-law.
  • Cited: 0 times

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF September 11 as A Turning Point In International Law

International Corporate Finance

In addition, van der Putten (2003) states that labor issues and multinational organizations are often in the limelight over international matters.... The largest producer and consumer of coal, the country is turning away from coal toward clean hydroelectric resources....
11 Pages (2750 words) Essay

Proper Functioning of International Law

Are the attitudes and interests of the world's different geo-political groupings of states too diverse to allow the proper functioning of international law?... Additionally, notwithstanding the theoretical importance of international law making in areas such as human To this end, some commentators have challenged the efficacy of international law as a result of competing political interests at international level, arguing that customary law has effectively been replaced by national concerns in inter-state relations3....
7 Pages (1750 words) Essay

Compulsory Purchase and Compensation

Everytime however it was getting rejected citing the reason of cost and the fewer amounts of central records.... The number of local authorities were as low as… In the year 2002, when there was a peak time, it was 18 CPOs that were sent to the ministers (Shaw, 2011).... There were several CPOs that were getting promoted every year....
18 Pages (4500 words) Literature review

Mid Term - Choice of 2 topics Pick one

The report briefly describes the criteria for designating states as state sponsors of international terrorism and the… The report then goes into greater detail by demonstrating how and why Cuba, Sudan, Iran and Syria were designated sponsors of international terrorism.... This essay will therefore provide a summary of the According to the United States Department of State Publication, Bureau of Counterterrorism (hereinafter the report), a state is designated as a state sponsor of terrorism if the Secretary of State is satisfied that the “government of such country has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism”....
13 Pages (3250 words) Research Paper

Effects on the 9-11 Attack

Iraq was believed to be the central point in which all al Qaeda operations were based and the US believed that if they attacked Iraq, they would win the war against terror.... ART 2The worst terror attack to the United States of America is the september 11 attack.... As a fact, the september 11 attacks instigated enormous fear and living in paranoia in the United States.... Aftershock: Rethinking the Future Since september 11, 2001: Pace University, New York City, September 6-8 2006....
1 Pages (250 words) Essay

Global Terrorism Threat

international terrorism has been the greatest challenge to every state trying to deal with it.... White (4) point out “that terrorism is an act or threatened act of violence against innocent people for political purposes.... assisted in reducing the number of terrorist acts on the United States soil prior to the terror attack in september 2011....
9 Pages (2250 words) Research Paper

Post 9/11 Changes in Regards to Airport Security

The paper "Post 9/11 Changes in Regards to Airport Security" presents that airport security has changed head to toe since the september 11 attack.... The september 11 attack had a great impact on airport security.... Though security was in private hands before the attack, the same was handed over to government hands after the attack....
6 Pages (1500 words) Term Paper

Terrorism as an Issue of National and Global Politics

The paper "Terrorism as an Issue of National and Global Politics" highlights that Americans now see the ongoing ISIS crises in Syria as the greatest threat to national security, and it is commendable that they now support the deployment of ground soldiers as a solution to combat terrorism.... hellip; The dollar is always affected when terrorism affects the country as it depends on an intricate collection of political, economic, and psychological aspects....
6 Pages (1500 words) Coursework
sponsored ads
We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Keep on browsing if you are OK with that, or find out how to manage cookies.
Contact Us